What Do Alien Civilizations Look Like? The Kardashev Scale
In this video, Kurzgesagt delves into the mind-boggling expanse of the observable universe, which has existed for over 13 billion years. The narrator highlights that there may be up to two trillion galaxies, consisting of an astounding number of stars—around 20,000 billion billion—in addition to the Milky Way. Scientists estimate that there could be approximately 40 billion Earth-like planets located within the habitable zones of their respective stars in our galaxy alone. Considering these immense numbers, it becomes challenging to fathom that we are the only intelligent life in the universe.
This is a fascinating video exploring one of the most significant but least understood concepts in physics—entropy. Entropy governs everything from molecular collisions to the evolution of the entire universe. It determines the direction of time and may even be the reason life exists. The video takes us on a journey through history, from Sadi Carnot's ideal heat engine to Rudolf Clausius's concept of entropy and its connection to the second law of thermodynamics.
In this captivating video, we'll explore the history of dark matter research, from early observations by astronomers to the latest efforts to unveil its true nature. We'll delve into the scientific complexities, understand the challenges faced by researchers, and explore the potential implications for our understanding of the universe. So, let's journey into the depths of the Earth and into the forefront of modern physics as we embark on the quest to reveal the enigmatic dark matter.